[13] Polybius said the quinquereme was superior to the old trireme,[41] which was retained in service in significant numbers by many smaller navies. By this time it had become normal for warships to mount powerful broadsides of 28 or more ship-smashing guns, a much heavier armament in proportion to their size than their predecessors. [11] The "double-banking" theory is supported by the fact that the 4th-century quinqueremes were housed in the same ship sheds as the triremes, and must therefore have had similar width (c. 16 feet (4.9 m)), which fits with the idea of an evolutionary progression from the one type to the other.
The Carthaginians had all the advantages fighting on water. It seems reasonable to conclude that the horses could disembark, armed and mounted from some transport ships but not all, … In fact, some types of galleys and oared gunboats continued to serve well into the 19th century. [43] A single hexareme, the Ops, is later recorded as the heaviest ship serving in the praetorian Fleet of Misenum. Especially the provincial Roman fleets were composed almost exclusively of liburnians. [36] Sidon had them by 351, and Athens fielded some in 324. It is, however, generally accepted that these ships were relatively fast for oared vessels, and when the demands of the laws of physics and our present knowledge of human ergonomics are brought to bear, the room for choice in features of their design affecting performance under oar is greatly narrowed. This is a large ship, built to carry heavy freight for long-distance hauls since it was very steady even in the worst weather.
We also have a list of sailing yachts that may be of interest.
The main mast had topmast and gaff sails. [7] However, the eventual appearance of bigger polyremes ("sixes" and later "sevens", "eights", "nines", "tens", and even a massive "forty"), made this theory implausible. When the Romans captured a quinquereme, within 60 days they had imitated its design and built their own. They were sailing cogs, fatter and shorter than galleys. [24] It is unclear however whether this design was applied to heavier warships, and although the Romans copied the Punic model for their quinqueremes, there is ample iconographic evidence of outrigger-equipped warships used until the late imperial period. First, the scale of the action was very large, with more than 200 cannon-armed galleys on each side. [21] From the mid-4th century, however, at about the time the quinquereme was introduced in Phoenicia, there is evidence of ships without outriggers.
At that time the Turks were one of the dominant powers in the Mediterranean. The rigs were designed to carry square masts. [64] The type was one of the chief vessels of the Rhodian navy, and it is very likely that it was also invented there, as a counter to the pirates' swift hemioliai. But the carrack’s high-built forecastle, which tended to catch the wind and thus make the ship unmaneuverable, was eliminated from the galleon’s design.
Naval ship - Naval ship - From oar to sail: The coming of mighty men-of-war did not mean the immediate end of oared warships. [33] Reconstruction based on the above sculptures shows that the ship was relatively low, with a boxed-in superstructure, a displacement of c. 40 tonnes, and capable of reaching speeds comparable with those of a full trireme. At least two of their type were in the fleet of Philip V of Macedon (r. 221–179 BC) at the Battle of Chios in 201 BC, where they were rammed in their prows.
2.88.1 and [Demosthenes] Adv. In 198 (1.33.19.8) he had ’ brought over all the cities of Koile Syria from Ptolemy’s rule to his own’. As "rower" is eretēs and "oar" is eretmon, -ērēs does not mean either of those but, being based on the verb, must mean "rowing". The Roman suffix is from rēmus, "oar": "five-oar". The mainmast of the new derivative also had a square rig.
This “tumble home” helped concentrate the weight of the large broadside guns toward the centreline, improving the ship’s stability. Galleys have been around so long their exact origin remains unknown. All ships are unique and no two types of ships identical.
[33], The liburnian (Latin: liburna, Greek: λιβυρνίς, libyrnis) was a variant of lembos invented by the tribe of the Liburnians. Seventeen years after Lepanto, when the Spanish launched their Armada against Britain, there were few galleys. Like carracks, the larger galleons might carry a single mizzenmast or two relatively small masts, the second being called the bonaventure. They had the second tallest structure of all types of ships. As exemplified in the trireme, the Greeks used to project the upper level of oars through an outrigger (parexeiresia), while the later Punic tradition heightened the ship, and had all three tiers of oars projecting directly from the side hull.[20]. Later, types of still higher denomination were built in the Hellenistic centuries, no ship higher than a ten being used in battle. [47], The enneres (Greek: ἐννήρης) is first recorded in 315 BC, when three of their type were included in the fleet of Antigonus Monophthalmus.
This bulky ship was the standard trading ship along the Baltic, Mediterranean and Atlantic costs in the mid-16th Century. They often also had sails, but these did not drive them when in battle. The closest thing to a naval empire seen in northern Europe was the Viking domination of the North Sea, and this was never a stable political or military unit. [12], The reasons for the evolution of the polyremes are not very clear. [47], Very little is known about the octeres (Greek: ὀκτήρης, oktērēs). [59], The hemiolia or hemiolos (Greek: ἡμιολία [ναῦς] or ἡμίολος [λέμβος]) was a light and fast warship that appeared in the early 4th century BC.
John Tincey (1988), The Armada Campaign 1588. For technical support about any game, you can contact the developer via Play Store. Michael.
They created the Corvus, a heavy boarding bridge with a spiked end that could lock an enemy ship in place. In the great wars of the 5th century BC, such as the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War, the trireme was the heaviest type of warship used by the Mediterranean navies. [50], The tendency to build ever bigger ships that appeared in the last decades of the 4th century did not stop at the "ten". Pliny the Elder reports that Aristotle ascribed the invention of the quadrireme (Latin: quadriremis; Greek: τετρήρης, tetrērēs) to the Carthaginians.
The -ηρης occurs only in suffix form, deriving from ἐρέσσειν, "to row". [42] "Sixes" were certainly present in the fleet of Dionysius II of Syracuse (r. 367–357 and 346–344 BC), but they may well have been invented in the last years of his father, Dionysius I. [49], An exceptionally large "eight", the Leontophoros, is recorded by Memnon of Heraclea to have been built by Lysimachus (r. 306–281 BC), one of the Diadochi.
[13] Polybius said the quinquereme was superior to the old trireme,[41] which was retained in service in significant numbers by many smaller navies. By this time it had become normal for warships to mount powerful broadsides of 28 or more ship-smashing guns, a much heavier armament in proportion to their size than their predecessors. [11] The "double-banking" theory is supported by the fact that the 4th-century quinqueremes were housed in the same ship sheds as the triremes, and must therefore have had similar width (c. 16 feet (4.9 m)), which fits with the idea of an evolutionary progression from the one type to the other.
The Carthaginians had all the advantages fighting on water. It seems reasonable to conclude that the horses could disembark, armed and mounted from some transport ships but not all, … In fact, some types of galleys and oared gunboats continued to serve well into the 19th century. [43] A single hexareme, the Ops, is later recorded as the heaviest ship serving in the praetorian Fleet of Misenum. Especially the provincial Roman fleets were composed almost exclusively of liburnians. [36] Sidon had them by 351, and Athens fielded some in 324. It is, however, generally accepted that these ships were relatively fast for oared vessels, and when the demands of the laws of physics and our present knowledge of human ergonomics are brought to bear, the room for choice in features of their design affecting performance under oar is greatly narrowed. This is a large ship, built to carry heavy freight for long-distance hauls since it was very steady even in the worst weather.
We also have a list of sailing yachts that may be of interest.
The main mast had topmast and gaff sails. [7] However, the eventual appearance of bigger polyremes ("sixes" and later "sevens", "eights", "nines", "tens", and even a massive "forty"), made this theory implausible. When the Romans captured a quinquereme, within 60 days they had imitated its design and built their own. They were sailing cogs, fatter and shorter than galleys. [24] It is unclear however whether this design was applied to heavier warships, and although the Romans copied the Punic model for their quinqueremes, there is ample iconographic evidence of outrigger-equipped warships used until the late imperial period. First, the scale of the action was very large, with more than 200 cannon-armed galleys on each side. [21] From the mid-4th century, however, at about the time the quinquereme was introduced in Phoenicia, there is evidence of ships without outriggers.
At that time the Turks were one of the dominant powers in the Mediterranean. The rigs were designed to carry square masts. [64] The type was one of the chief vessels of the Rhodian navy, and it is very likely that it was also invented there, as a counter to the pirates' swift hemioliai. But the carrack’s high-built forecastle, which tended to catch the wind and thus make the ship unmaneuverable, was eliminated from the galleon’s design.
Naval ship - Naval ship - From oar to sail: The coming of mighty men-of-war did not mean the immediate end of oared warships. [33] Reconstruction based on the above sculptures shows that the ship was relatively low, with a boxed-in superstructure, a displacement of c. 40 tonnes, and capable of reaching speeds comparable with those of a full trireme. At least two of their type were in the fleet of Philip V of Macedon (r. 221–179 BC) at the Battle of Chios in 201 BC, where they were rammed in their prows.
2.88.1 and [Demosthenes] Adv. In 198 (1.33.19.8) he had ’ brought over all the cities of Koile Syria from Ptolemy’s rule to his own’. As "rower" is eretēs and "oar" is eretmon, -ērēs does not mean either of those but, being based on the verb, must mean "rowing". The Roman suffix is from rēmus, "oar": "five-oar". The mainmast of the new derivative also had a square rig.
This “tumble home” helped concentrate the weight of the large broadside guns toward the centreline, improving the ship’s stability. Galleys have been around so long their exact origin remains unknown. All ships are unique and no two types of ships identical.
[33], The liburnian (Latin: liburna, Greek: λιβυρνίς, libyrnis) was a variant of lembos invented by the tribe of the Liburnians. Seventeen years after Lepanto, when the Spanish launched their Armada against Britain, there were few galleys. Like carracks, the larger galleons might carry a single mizzenmast or two relatively small masts, the second being called the bonaventure. They had the second tallest structure of all types of ships. As exemplified in the trireme, the Greeks used to project the upper level of oars through an outrigger (parexeiresia), while the later Punic tradition heightened the ship, and had all three tiers of oars projecting directly from the side hull.[20]. Later, types of still higher denomination were built in the Hellenistic centuries, no ship higher than a ten being used in battle. [47], The enneres (Greek: ἐννήρης) is first recorded in 315 BC, when three of their type were included in the fleet of Antigonus Monophthalmus.
This bulky ship was the standard trading ship along the Baltic, Mediterranean and Atlantic costs in the mid-16th Century. They often also had sails, but these did not drive them when in battle. The closest thing to a naval empire seen in northern Europe was the Viking domination of the North Sea, and this was never a stable political or military unit. [12], The reasons for the evolution of the polyremes are not very clear. [47], Very little is known about the octeres (Greek: ὀκτήρης, oktērēs). [59], The hemiolia or hemiolos (Greek: ἡμιολία [ναῦς] or ἡμίολος [λέμβος]) was a light and fast warship that appeared in the early 4th century BC.
John Tincey (1988), The Armada Campaign 1588. For technical support about any game, you can contact the developer via Play Store. Michael.
They created the Corvus, a heavy boarding bridge with a spiked end that could lock an enemy ship in place. In the great wars of the 5th century BC, such as the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War, the trireme was the heaviest type of warship used by the Mediterranean navies. [50], The tendency to build ever bigger ships that appeared in the last decades of the 4th century did not stop at the "ten". Pliny the Elder reports that Aristotle ascribed the invention of the quadrireme (Latin: quadriremis; Greek: τετρήρης, tetrērēs) to the Carthaginians.
The -ηρης occurs only in suffix form, deriving from ἐρέσσειν, "to row". [42] "Sixes" were certainly present in the fleet of Dionysius II of Syracuse (r. 367–357 and 346–344 BC), but they may well have been invented in the last years of his father, Dionysius I. [49], An exceptionally large "eight", the Leontophoros, is recorded by Memnon of Heraclea to have been built by Lysimachus (r. 306–281 BC), one of the Diadochi.
[13] Polybius said the quinquereme was superior to the old trireme,[41] which was retained in service in significant numbers by many smaller navies. By this time it had become normal for warships to mount powerful broadsides of 28 or more ship-smashing guns, a much heavier armament in proportion to their size than their predecessors. [11] The "double-banking" theory is supported by the fact that the 4th-century quinqueremes were housed in the same ship sheds as the triremes, and must therefore have had similar width (c. 16 feet (4.9 m)), which fits with the idea of an evolutionary progression from the one type to the other.
The Carthaginians had all the advantages fighting on water. It seems reasonable to conclude that the horses could disembark, armed and mounted from some transport ships but not all, … In fact, some types of galleys and oared gunboats continued to serve well into the 19th century. [43] A single hexareme, the Ops, is later recorded as the heaviest ship serving in the praetorian Fleet of Misenum. Especially the provincial Roman fleets were composed almost exclusively of liburnians. [36] Sidon had them by 351, and Athens fielded some in 324. It is, however, generally accepted that these ships were relatively fast for oared vessels, and when the demands of the laws of physics and our present knowledge of human ergonomics are brought to bear, the room for choice in features of their design affecting performance under oar is greatly narrowed. This is a large ship, built to carry heavy freight for long-distance hauls since it was very steady even in the worst weather.
We also have a list of sailing yachts that may be of interest.
The main mast had topmast and gaff sails. [7] However, the eventual appearance of bigger polyremes ("sixes" and later "sevens", "eights", "nines", "tens", and even a massive "forty"), made this theory implausible. When the Romans captured a quinquereme, within 60 days they had imitated its design and built their own. They were sailing cogs, fatter and shorter than galleys. [24] It is unclear however whether this design was applied to heavier warships, and although the Romans copied the Punic model for their quinqueremes, there is ample iconographic evidence of outrigger-equipped warships used until the late imperial period. First, the scale of the action was very large, with more than 200 cannon-armed galleys on each side. [21] From the mid-4th century, however, at about the time the quinquereme was introduced in Phoenicia, there is evidence of ships without outriggers.
At that time the Turks were one of the dominant powers in the Mediterranean. The rigs were designed to carry square masts. [64] The type was one of the chief vessels of the Rhodian navy, and it is very likely that it was also invented there, as a counter to the pirates' swift hemioliai. But the carrack’s high-built forecastle, which tended to catch the wind and thus make the ship unmaneuverable, was eliminated from the galleon’s design.
Naval ship - Naval ship - From oar to sail: The coming of mighty men-of-war did not mean the immediate end of oared warships. [33] Reconstruction based on the above sculptures shows that the ship was relatively low, with a boxed-in superstructure, a displacement of c. 40 tonnes, and capable of reaching speeds comparable with those of a full trireme. At least two of their type were in the fleet of Philip V of Macedon (r. 221–179 BC) at the Battle of Chios in 201 BC, where they were rammed in their prows.
2.88.1 and [Demosthenes] Adv. In 198 (1.33.19.8) he had ’ brought over all the cities of Koile Syria from Ptolemy’s rule to his own’. As "rower" is eretēs and "oar" is eretmon, -ērēs does not mean either of those but, being based on the verb, must mean "rowing". The Roman suffix is from rēmus, "oar": "five-oar". The mainmast of the new derivative also had a square rig.
This “tumble home” helped concentrate the weight of the large broadside guns toward the centreline, improving the ship’s stability. Galleys have been around so long their exact origin remains unknown. All ships are unique and no two types of ships identical.
[33], The liburnian (Latin: liburna, Greek: λιβυρνίς, libyrnis) was a variant of lembos invented by the tribe of the Liburnians. Seventeen years after Lepanto, when the Spanish launched their Armada against Britain, there were few galleys. Like carracks, the larger galleons might carry a single mizzenmast or two relatively small masts, the second being called the bonaventure. They had the second tallest structure of all types of ships. As exemplified in the trireme, the Greeks used to project the upper level of oars through an outrigger (parexeiresia), while the later Punic tradition heightened the ship, and had all three tiers of oars projecting directly from the side hull.[20]. Later, types of still higher denomination were built in the Hellenistic centuries, no ship higher than a ten being used in battle. [47], The enneres (Greek: ἐννήρης) is first recorded in 315 BC, when three of their type were included in the fleet of Antigonus Monophthalmus.
This bulky ship was the standard trading ship along the Baltic, Mediterranean and Atlantic costs in the mid-16th Century. They often also had sails, but these did not drive them when in battle. The closest thing to a naval empire seen in northern Europe was the Viking domination of the North Sea, and this was never a stable political or military unit. [12], The reasons for the evolution of the polyremes are not very clear. [47], Very little is known about the octeres (Greek: ὀκτήρης, oktērēs). [59], The hemiolia or hemiolos (Greek: ἡμιολία [ναῦς] or ἡμίολος [λέμβος]) was a light and fast warship that appeared in the early 4th century BC.
John Tincey (1988), The Armada Campaign 1588. For technical support about any game, you can contact the developer via Play Store. Michael.
They created the Corvus, a heavy boarding bridge with a spiked end that could lock an enemy ship in place. In the great wars of the 5th century BC, such as the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War, the trireme was the heaviest type of warship used by the Mediterranean navies. [50], The tendency to build ever bigger ships that appeared in the last decades of the 4th century did not stop at the "ten". Pliny the Elder reports that Aristotle ascribed the invention of the quadrireme (Latin: quadriremis; Greek: τετρήρης, tetrērēs) to the Carthaginians.
The -ηρης occurs only in suffix form, deriving from ἐρέσσειν, "to row". [42] "Sixes" were certainly present in the fleet of Dionysius II of Syracuse (r. 367–357 and 346–344 BC), but they may well have been invented in the last years of his father, Dionysius I. [49], An exceptionally large "eight", the Leontophoros, is recorded by Memnon of Heraclea to have been built by Lysimachus (r. 306–281 BC), one of the Diadochi.
These huge vessels, which depended on sail as well as oar, bristled with guns, including heavy ones in broadside. These types of ships were very popular in the period prior to the start of World War II. With their military efforts focussed on land, and sea battles land battles on water, nations tended to borrow private vessels when they needed ships for war. [40] Leaving aside a deck crew of c. 20 men, and accepting the 2–2–1 pattern of oarsmen, the quinquereme would have 90 oars in each side, and 30-strong files of oarsmen. It was richly decorated, required 1,600 rowers (8 files of 100 per side) and could support 1,200 marines. v.intr. The hybrid existed only in small numbers and soon passed out of fashion to the north.
In the 4th century bc four new types of oared warships were developed, the four, the five, the six and the one-and-a-half-er (ήμιολία); and Alexander is said to have invented sevens and tens. After a lot of engineering experiments, the Xebec gave rise to the Polacre-Xebec, which replaced the mizzen mast. For their handy, maneuverable ships, the British had relatively large cannon carried in broadsides.
From the earliest days through to the 16th century, naval warfare was dominated by the galley. This is a derivative of the schooner and was popular for global travel in the mid to end of the 19th Century.They were popular with traders for ferrying goods for long distances, because they were fast. These ships came with a lot of features,such as long-prow bulkheads, narrow elongated hulls, and huge lateen yards.
Galleys were the quintessential oared warships.
Triremes were more maneuverable and well suited to ramming. Even this war, fought between the Anglo-French Empires, took place almost entirely on land. Thus these ships gained motive power without significantly increasing the ship's weight.
Ditto into the wind.] Indeed, so ubiquitous was the type that Polybius uses it as a shorthand for "warship" in general. Complete with gazetteer, glossary, bibliography and indexes. Don Juan of Austria, the half-brother to King Phillip II of Spain, commanded the fleet. In the 1st century AD, the larger warships were retained only as flagships, and were gradually supplanted by the light liburnians until, by Late Antiquity, the knowledge of their construction had been lost. It was his pastime to come and while away the evenings on most days at the harbor and watch the sun go down.
[13] Polybius said the quinquereme was superior to the old trireme,[41] which was retained in service in significant numbers by many smaller navies. By this time it had become normal for warships to mount powerful broadsides of 28 or more ship-smashing guns, a much heavier armament in proportion to their size than their predecessors. [11] The "double-banking" theory is supported by the fact that the 4th-century quinqueremes were housed in the same ship sheds as the triremes, and must therefore have had similar width (c. 16 feet (4.9 m)), which fits with the idea of an evolutionary progression from the one type to the other.
The Carthaginians had all the advantages fighting on water. It seems reasonable to conclude that the horses could disembark, armed and mounted from some transport ships but not all, … In fact, some types of galleys and oared gunboats continued to serve well into the 19th century. [43] A single hexareme, the Ops, is later recorded as the heaviest ship serving in the praetorian Fleet of Misenum. Especially the provincial Roman fleets were composed almost exclusively of liburnians. [36] Sidon had them by 351, and Athens fielded some in 324. It is, however, generally accepted that these ships were relatively fast for oared vessels, and when the demands of the laws of physics and our present knowledge of human ergonomics are brought to bear, the room for choice in features of their design affecting performance under oar is greatly narrowed. This is a large ship, built to carry heavy freight for long-distance hauls since it was very steady even in the worst weather.
We also have a list of sailing yachts that may be of interest.
The main mast had topmast and gaff sails. [7] However, the eventual appearance of bigger polyremes ("sixes" and later "sevens", "eights", "nines", "tens", and even a massive "forty"), made this theory implausible. When the Romans captured a quinquereme, within 60 days they had imitated its design and built their own. They were sailing cogs, fatter and shorter than galleys. [24] It is unclear however whether this design was applied to heavier warships, and although the Romans copied the Punic model for their quinqueremes, there is ample iconographic evidence of outrigger-equipped warships used until the late imperial period. First, the scale of the action was very large, with more than 200 cannon-armed galleys on each side. [21] From the mid-4th century, however, at about the time the quinquereme was introduced in Phoenicia, there is evidence of ships without outriggers.
At that time the Turks were one of the dominant powers in the Mediterranean. The rigs were designed to carry square masts. [64] The type was one of the chief vessels of the Rhodian navy, and it is very likely that it was also invented there, as a counter to the pirates' swift hemioliai. But the carrack’s high-built forecastle, which tended to catch the wind and thus make the ship unmaneuverable, was eliminated from the galleon’s design.
Naval ship - Naval ship - From oar to sail: The coming of mighty men-of-war did not mean the immediate end of oared warships. [33] Reconstruction based on the above sculptures shows that the ship was relatively low, with a boxed-in superstructure, a displacement of c. 40 tonnes, and capable of reaching speeds comparable with those of a full trireme. At least two of their type were in the fleet of Philip V of Macedon (r. 221–179 BC) at the Battle of Chios in 201 BC, where they were rammed in their prows.
2.88.1 and [Demosthenes] Adv. In 198 (1.33.19.8) he had ’ brought over all the cities of Koile Syria from Ptolemy’s rule to his own’. As "rower" is eretēs and "oar" is eretmon, -ērēs does not mean either of those but, being based on the verb, must mean "rowing". The Roman suffix is from rēmus, "oar": "five-oar". The mainmast of the new derivative also had a square rig.
This “tumble home” helped concentrate the weight of the large broadside guns toward the centreline, improving the ship’s stability. Galleys have been around so long their exact origin remains unknown. All ships are unique and no two types of ships identical.
[33], The liburnian (Latin: liburna, Greek: λιβυρνίς, libyrnis) was a variant of lembos invented by the tribe of the Liburnians. Seventeen years after Lepanto, when the Spanish launched their Armada against Britain, there were few galleys. Like carracks, the larger galleons might carry a single mizzenmast or two relatively small masts, the second being called the bonaventure. They had the second tallest structure of all types of ships. As exemplified in the trireme, the Greeks used to project the upper level of oars through an outrigger (parexeiresia), while the later Punic tradition heightened the ship, and had all three tiers of oars projecting directly from the side hull.[20]. Later, types of still higher denomination were built in the Hellenistic centuries, no ship higher than a ten being used in battle. [47], The enneres (Greek: ἐννήρης) is first recorded in 315 BC, when three of their type were included in the fleet of Antigonus Monophthalmus.
This bulky ship was the standard trading ship along the Baltic, Mediterranean and Atlantic costs in the mid-16th Century. They often also had sails, but these did not drive them when in battle. The closest thing to a naval empire seen in northern Europe was the Viking domination of the North Sea, and this was never a stable political or military unit. [12], The reasons for the evolution of the polyremes are not very clear. [47], Very little is known about the octeres (Greek: ὀκτήρης, oktērēs). [59], The hemiolia or hemiolos (Greek: ἡμιολία [ναῦς] or ἡμίολος [λέμβος]) was a light and fast warship that appeared in the early 4th century BC.
John Tincey (1988), The Armada Campaign 1588. For technical support about any game, you can contact the developer via Play Store. Michael.
They created the Corvus, a heavy boarding bridge with a spiked end that could lock an enemy ship in place. In the great wars of the 5th century BC, such as the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War, the trireme was the heaviest type of warship used by the Mediterranean navies. [50], The tendency to build ever bigger ships that appeared in the last decades of the 4th century did not stop at the "ten". Pliny the Elder reports that Aristotle ascribed the invention of the quadrireme (Latin: quadriremis; Greek: τετρήρης, tetrērēs) to the Carthaginians.
The -ηρης occurs only in suffix form, deriving from ἐρέσσειν, "to row". [42] "Sixes" were certainly present in the fleet of Dionysius II of Syracuse (r. 367–357 and 346–344 BC), but they may well have been invented in the last years of his father, Dionysius I. [49], An exceptionally large "eight", the Leontophoros, is recorded by Memnon of Heraclea to have been built by Lysimachus (r. 306–281 BC), one of the Diadochi.
