Fribourg 2004. He most likely never existed. Joint rule with Cleopatra VI until 57 BCE. The successors of Intef the Elder, starting with Mentuhotep I, became independent from their northern overlords and eventually conquered Egypt under Mentuhotep II. Co-regent with his father Nectanebo I from about 365 BC. Many scholars believe the first pharaoh was Narmer, also called Menes. Referred to as Sobekhotep I in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep II in older studies, Perhaps a brother of Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep and son of, Referred to as Sobekhotep II in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep I in older studies, Possibly a son of Hor Awibre and brother of Khabaw, previously identified with.
Through military dominance abroad, the New Kingdom saw Egypt's greatest territorial extent. Died in unclear circumstances, possibly by fire in the palace or murder. [79][80][81] Four attested kings may be tentatively attributed to the Abydos Dynasty, and they are given here without regard for their (unknown) chronological order: The Sixteenth Dynasty was a native Theban dynasty emerging from the collapse of the Memphis-based 13th dynasty c. 1650 BC and finally conquered by the Hyksos 15th dynasty c. 1580 BC. ".
Egyptian armies fought with Hittite armies for control of modern-day Syria. The position of the following kings is uncertain: The Fourteenth Dynasty was a local group from the eastern Delta, based at Avaris,[77] that ruled from either from 1805 BC or c. 1710 BC until around 1650 BC. The Sixth Dynasty ruled from 2345 to 2181 BCE. National Geographic Headquarters Joint rule with Cleopatra VI until 57 BC. Attested by inscriptions in the tomb of his mother Ankhesenpepi, started the construction of a pyramid in, Attested by one to three decrees from the temple of, Attested by eight decrees from the temple of Min and an inscription in the tomb of.
One Egyptian king-list lists the Roman Emperors as Pharaohs up to and including Decius who died in 251 CE. The list below is based on the Abydos King List dating to the reign of Seti I and taken from Jürgen von Beckerath's Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen[50] as well as from Kim Ryholt's latest reconstruction of the Turin canon, another king list dating to the Ramesside Era. Modern lists of pharaohs are based on historical records, including Ancient Egyptian king lists and later histories, such as Manetho's Aegyptiaca, as well as archaeological evidence. Only attested in. He may be an ephemeral king, or a name variant of a king of the 12th or 13th Dynasty. The Fifth Dynasty ruled from 2498 to 2345 BC. Following the Kushite conquest, Egypt experienced another period of independent native rule before being conquered by the Achaemenid Empire, whose rulers also adopted the title of "Pharaoh".
The 16th dynasty held sway over Upper Egypt only. Forced to marry Ptolemy XI; murdered on his orders 19 days later, Young son of Ptolemy X Alexander; installed by, Wife of Ptolemy XII, mother of Berenice IV. Placed in this dynasty only for chronological reasons, as he was not related to the Achaemenids. Broke with the tradition of pyramid building and instead had the, Usurped the throne at the expense of Teti.
Senedjemibre Nakhthorhebyt (Nectanebo II), Egypt came under Persian rule for the second time, Upper Egypt returned to Persian control in 335 BCE, Feeble-minded half-brother of Alexander III the Great, Son of Alexander III the Great and Roxana, Ptolemy I Soter (Setepenre-meryamun Ptolemy), Ptolemy II Philadelphos (Weserkare-meryamun Ptolemy), Wife of Ptolemy V, co-regent with Ptolemy VI during his minority, Egypt under the control of Ptolemy VIII 164 BCE–163 BCE; Ptolemy VI restored 163 BCE. The Eleventh Dynasty was a local group with roots in Upper Egypt that ruled from 2134 to 1991 BC. Abydos King List of Ramesses II (19th Dynasty); carved on limestone. Hatshepsut, in particular, was a successful ruler, but many inscriptions and monuments about her were destroyed after her death—perhaps to stop future women from becoming pharaohs. However, the specific title "Pharaoh" was not used to address the kings of Egypt by their contemporaries until the rule of Merneptah in the 19th Dynasty, c. 1200 BC.
Since these kings precede the First Dynasty, they have been informally grouped as "Dynasty 0". The Hyksos made their first appearance during the reign of Sobekhotep IV, and around 1720 BC took control of the town of Avaris (the modern Tell el-Dab'a/Khata'na), conquering the kingdom of the 14th dynasty. The dynasty comprised many rulers with West Semitic names and is thus believed to have been Canaanite in origin. The texts of existing primary old lists of pharaohs are incomplete: Archibald Sayce gave comparative data on several of these lists in his book The Ancient Empires of the East (1884),[2] in addition to the lists found in Herodotus, Diodorus, Eratosthenes, and even a fanciful list found in "the Arabic writers". Founder of brief period of a solar-centered religion (, Co-regent and successor of Akhenaten. Their chronological position is uncertain.[83][84]. This dynasty eventually drove the Hyksos back into Asia under Seqenenre Tao, Kamose and finally Ahmose, first pharaoh of the New Kingdom. After 20 to 45 years, they were overthrown by a new line of pharaohs based in Herakleopolis Magna. The Middle Kingdom (2060-1802 BCE) is the period from the end of the First Intermediate Period to the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period. The latter years of his reign were marked by inefficiency because of his advanced age. In: Bulletin de L'Institute Français D'Archéologie Orientale (BIFAO) 112. Turin Royal Canon 3. Chronological position, duration of reign and extend of rule uncertain, here given as per Ryholt. Oldest tomb at Umm el-Qa'ab had scorpion insignia, Potentially pronounced Serqet, but uncertain; possibly the same person as.
The king who combined Upper and Lower Egypt. The son and successor of Necho I, Psamtik I, managed to reunify Egypt and is generally regarded as the founder of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty. The Twenty-First Dynasty was based at Tanis and was a relatively weak group. South Saqqara Stone (discovered 1923, includes dyn.
The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. A proposed native Egyptian rebel leader. A number of dynasties of Libyan origin ruled, giving this period its alternative name of the Libyan Period.
They are based primarily on the conventional chronology of Ancient Egypt, mostly based on the Digital Egypt for Universities[3] database developed by the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, but alternative dates taken from other authorities may be indicated separately..mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}. The 11th dynasty originated from a dynasty of Theban nomarchs serving kings of the 8th, 9th or 10th dynasty. You cannot download interactives. The Seventeenth Dynasty was based in Upper Egypt and ruled from 1650 to 1550 BCE: The New Kingdom (1550-1077 BC) is the period covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt, from the 16th century BCE to the 11th century BCE, between the Second Intermediate Period, and the Third Intermediate Period. The Twentieth Dynasty ruled from 1190 to 1077 BC: The Third Intermediate Period (1077–664 BC) marked the end of the New Kingdom after the collapse of the Egyptian empire. The 16th Dynasty may also have comprised the reigns of pharaohs Sneferankhre Pepi III[86] and Nebmaatre. Co-reign with his father Osorkon III for the first five years of his reign. The word “pharaoh” means “Great House,” a reference to the palace where the pharaoh resides. Three of the best known pharaohs of the New Kingdom are Akhenaten, also known as Amenhotep IV, whose exclusive worship of the Aten is often interpreted as the first instance of monotheism, Tutankhamun known for the discovery of his nearly intact tomb, and Ramesses II who attempted to recover the territories in modern Israel/Palestine, Lebanon and Syria that had been held in the Eighteenth Dynasty. 1 year and 1 month c. 2184 BC: Neitiqerty Siptah: Identical with Netjerkare.
Fribourg 2004. He most likely never existed. Joint rule with Cleopatra VI until 57 BCE. The successors of Intef the Elder, starting with Mentuhotep I, became independent from their northern overlords and eventually conquered Egypt under Mentuhotep II. Co-regent with his father Nectanebo I from about 365 BC. Many scholars believe the first pharaoh was Narmer, also called Menes. Referred to as Sobekhotep I in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep II in older studies, Perhaps a brother of Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep and son of, Referred to as Sobekhotep II in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep I in older studies, Possibly a son of Hor Awibre and brother of Khabaw, previously identified with.
Through military dominance abroad, the New Kingdom saw Egypt's greatest territorial extent. Died in unclear circumstances, possibly by fire in the palace or murder. [79][80][81] Four attested kings may be tentatively attributed to the Abydos Dynasty, and they are given here without regard for their (unknown) chronological order: The Sixteenth Dynasty was a native Theban dynasty emerging from the collapse of the Memphis-based 13th dynasty c. 1650 BC and finally conquered by the Hyksos 15th dynasty c. 1580 BC. ".
Egyptian armies fought with Hittite armies for control of modern-day Syria. The position of the following kings is uncertain: The Fourteenth Dynasty was a local group from the eastern Delta, based at Avaris,[77] that ruled from either from 1805 BC or c. 1710 BC until around 1650 BC. The Sixth Dynasty ruled from 2345 to 2181 BCE. National Geographic Headquarters Joint rule with Cleopatra VI until 57 BC. Attested by inscriptions in the tomb of his mother Ankhesenpepi, started the construction of a pyramid in, Attested by one to three decrees from the temple of, Attested by eight decrees from the temple of Min and an inscription in the tomb of.
One Egyptian king-list lists the Roman Emperors as Pharaohs up to and including Decius who died in 251 CE. The list below is based on the Abydos King List dating to the reign of Seti I and taken from Jürgen von Beckerath's Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen[50] as well as from Kim Ryholt's latest reconstruction of the Turin canon, another king list dating to the Ramesside Era. Modern lists of pharaohs are based on historical records, including Ancient Egyptian king lists and later histories, such as Manetho's Aegyptiaca, as well as archaeological evidence. Only attested in. He may be an ephemeral king, or a name variant of a king of the 12th or 13th Dynasty. The Fifth Dynasty ruled from 2498 to 2345 BC. Following the Kushite conquest, Egypt experienced another period of independent native rule before being conquered by the Achaemenid Empire, whose rulers also adopted the title of "Pharaoh".
The 16th dynasty held sway over Upper Egypt only. Forced to marry Ptolemy XI; murdered on his orders 19 days later, Young son of Ptolemy X Alexander; installed by, Wife of Ptolemy XII, mother of Berenice IV. Placed in this dynasty only for chronological reasons, as he was not related to the Achaemenids. Broke with the tradition of pyramid building and instead had the, Usurped the throne at the expense of Teti.
Senedjemibre Nakhthorhebyt (Nectanebo II), Egypt came under Persian rule for the second time, Upper Egypt returned to Persian control in 335 BCE, Feeble-minded half-brother of Alexander III the Great, Son of Alexander III the Great and Roxana, Ptolemy I Soter (Setepenre-meryamun Ptolemy), Ptolemy II Philadelphos (Weserkare-meryamun Ptolemy), Wife of Ptolemy V, co-regent with Ptolemy VI during his minority, Egypt under the control of Ptolemy VIII 164 BCE–163 BCE; Ptolemy VI restored 163 BCE. The Eleventh Dynasty was a local group with roots in Upper Egypt that ruled from 2134 to 1991 BC. Abydos King List of Ramesses II (19th Dynasty); carved on limestone. Hatshepsut, in particular, was a successful ruler, but many inscriptions and monuments about her were destroyed after her death—perhaps to stop future women from becoming pharaohs. However, the specific title "Pharaoh" was not used to address the kings of Egypt by their contemporaries until the rule of Merneptah in the 19th Dynasty, c. 1200 BC.
Since these kings precede the First Dynasty, they have been informally grouped as "Dynasty 0". The Hyksos made their first appearance during the reign of Sobekhotep IV, and around 1720 BC took control of the town of Avaris (the modern Tell el-Dab'a/Khata'na), conquering the kingdom of the 14th dynasty. The dynasty comprised many rulers with West Semitic names and is thus believed to have been Canaanite in origin. The texts of existing primary old lists of pharaohs are incomplete: Archibald Sayce gave comparative data on several of these lists in his book The Ancient Empires of the East (1884),[2] in addition to the lists found in Herodotus, Diodorus, Eratosthenes, and even a fanciful list found in "the Arabic writers". Founder of brief period of a solar-centered religion (, Co-regent and successor of Akhenaten. Their chronological position is uncertain.[83][84]. This dynasty eventually drove the Hyksos back into Asia under Seqenenre Tao, Kamose and finally Ahmose, first pharaoh of the New Kingdom. After 20 to 45 years, they were overthrown by a new line of pharaohs based in Herakleopolis Magna. The Middle Kingdom (2060-1802 BCE) is the period from the end of the First Intermediate Period to the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period. The latter years of his reign were marked by inefficiency because of his advanced age. In: Bulletin de L'Institute Français D'Archéologie Orientale (BIFAO) 112. Turin Royal Canon 3. Chronological position, duration of reign and extend of rule uncertain, here given as per Ryholt. Oldest tomb at Umm el-Qa'ab had scorpion insignia, Potentially pronounced Serqet, but uncertain; possibly the same person as.
The king who combined Upper and Lower Egypt. The son and successor of Necho I, Psamtik I, managed to reunify Egypt and is generally regarded as the founder of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty. The Twenty-First Dynasty was based at Tanis and was a relatively weak group. South Saqqara Stone (discovered 1923, includes dyn.
The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. A proposed native Egyptian rebel leader. A number of dynasties of Libyan origin ruled, giving this period its alternative name of the Libyan Period.
They are based primarily on the conventional chronology of Ancient Egypt, mostly based on the Digital Egypt for Universities[3] database developed by the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, but alternative dates taken from other authorities may be indicated separately..mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}. The 11th dynasty originated from a dynasty of Theban nomarchs serving kings of the 8th, 9th or 10th dynasty. You cannot download interactives. The Seventeenth Dynasty was based in Upper Egypt and ruled from 1650 to 1550 BCE: The New Kingdom (1550-1077 BC) is the period covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt, from the 16th century BCE to the 11th century BCE, between the Second Intermediate Period, and the Third Intermediate Period. The Twentieth Dynasty ruled from 1190 to 1077 BC: The Third Intermediate Period (1077–664 BC) marked the end of the New Kingdom after the collapse of the Egyptian empire. The 16th Dynasty may also have comprised the reigns of pharaohs Sneferankhre Pepi III[86] and Nebmaatre. Co-reign with his father Osorkon III for the first five years of his reign. The word “pharaoh” means “Great House,” a reference to the palace where the pharaoh resides. Three of the best known pharaohs of the New Kingdom are Akhenaten, also known as Amenhotep IV, whose exclusive worship of the Aten is often interpreted as the first instance of monotheism, Tutankhamun known for the discovery of his nearly intact tomb, and Ramesses II who attempted to recover the territories in modern Israel/Palestine, Lebanon and Syria that had been held in the Eighteenth Dynasty. 1 year and 1 month c. 2184 BC: Neitiqerty Siptah: Identical with Netjerkare.
Fribourg 2004. He most likely never existed. Joint rule with Cleopatra VI until 57 BCE. The successors of Intef the Elder, starting with Mentuhotep I, became independent from their northern overlords and eventually conquered Egypt under Mentuhotep II. Co-regent with his father Nectanebo I from about 365 BC. Many scholars believe the first pharaoh was Narmer, also called Menes. Referred to as Sobekhotep I in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep II in older studies, Perhaps a brother of Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep and son of, Referred to as Sobekhotep II in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep I in older studies, Possibly a son of Hor Awibre and brother of Khabaw, previously identified with.
Through military dominance abroad, the New Kingdom saw Egypt's greatest territorial extent. Died in unclear circumstances, possibly by fire in the palace or murder. [79][80][81] Four attested kings may be tentatively attributed to the Abydos Dynasty, and they are given here without regard for their (unknown) chronological order: The Sixteenth Dynasty was a native Theban dynasty emerging from the collapse of the Memphis-based 13th dynasty c. 1650 BC and finally conquered by the Hyksos 15th dynasty c. 1580 BC. ".
Egyptian armies fought with Hittite armies for control of modern-day Syria. The position of the following kings is uncertain: The Fourteenth Dynasty was a local group from the eastern Delta, based at Avaris,[77] that ruled from either from 1805 BC or c. 1710 BC until around 1650 BC. The Sixth Dynasty ruled from 2345 to 2181 BCE. National Geographic Headquarters Joint rule with Cleopatra VI until 57 BC. Attested by inscriptions in the tomb of his mother Ankhesenpepi, started the construction of a pyramid in, Attested by one to three decrees from the temple of, Attested by eight decrees from the temple of Min and an inscription in the tomb of.
One Egyptian king-list lists the Roman Emperors as Pharaohs up to and including Decius who died in 251 CE. The list below is based on the Abydos King List dating to the reign of Seti I and taken from Jürgen von Beckerath's Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen[50] as well as from Kim Ryholt's latest reconstruction of the Turin canon, another king list dating to the Ramesside Era. Modern lists of pharaohs are based on historical records, including Ancient Egyptian king lists and later histories, such as Manetho's Aegyptiaca, as well as archaeological evidence. Only attested in. He may be an ephemeral king, or a name variant of a king of the 12th or 13th Dynasty. The Fifth Dynasty ruled from 2498 to 2345 BC. Following the Kushite conquest, Egypt experienced another period of independent native rule before being conquered by the Achaemenid Empire, whose rulers also adopted the title of "Pharaoh".
The 16th dynasty held sway over Upper Egypt only. Forced to marry Ptolemy XI; murdered on his orders 19 days later, Young son of Ptolemy X Alexander; installed by, Wife of Ptolemy XII, mother of Berenice IV. Placed in this dynasty only for chronological reasons, as he was not related to the Achaemenids. Broke with the tradition of pyramid building and instead had the, Usurped the throne at the expense of Teti.
Senedjemibre Nakhthorhebyt (Nectanebo II), Egypt came under Persian rule for the second time, Upper Egypt returned to Persian control in 335 BCE, Feeble-minded half-brother of Alexander III the Great, Son of Alexander III the Great and Roxana, Ptolemy I Soter (Setepenre-meryamun Ptolemy), Ptolemy II Philadelphos (Weserkare-meryamun Ptolemy), Wife of Ptolemy V, co-regent with Ptolemy VI during his minority, Egypt under the control of Ptolemy VIII 164 BCE–163 BCE; Ptolemy VI restored 163 BCE. The Eleventh Dynasty was a local group with roots in Upper Egypt that ruled from 2134 to 1991 BC. Abydos King List of Ramesses II (19th Dynasty); carved on limestone. Hatshepsut, in particular, was a successful ruler, but many inscriptions and monuments about her were destroyed after her death—perhaps to stop future women from becoming pharaohs. However, the specific title "Pharaoh" was not used to address the kings of Egypt by their contemporaries until the rule of Merneptah in the 19th Dynasty, c. 1200 BC.
Since these kings precede the First Dynasty, they have been informally grouped as "Dynasty 0". The Hyksos made their first appearance during the reign of Sobekhotep IV, and around 1720 BC took control of the town of Avaris (the modern Tell el-Dab'a/Khata'na), conquering the kingdom of the 14th dynasty. The dynasty comprised many rulers with West Semitic names and is thus believed to have been Canaanite in origin. The texts of existing primary old lists of pharaohs are incomplete: Archibald Sayce gave comparative data on several of these lists in his book The Ancient Empires of the East (1884),[2] in addition to the lists found in Herodotus, Diodorus, Eratosthenes, and even a fanciful list found in "the Arabic writers". Founder of brief period of a solar-centered religion (, Co-regent and successor of Akhenaten. Their chronological position is uncertain.[83][84]. This dynasty eventually drove the Hyksos back into Asia under Seqenenre Tao, Kamose and finally Ahmose, first pharaoh of the New Kingdom. After 20 to 45 years, they were overthrown by a new line of pharaohs based in Herakleopolis Magna. The Middle Kingdom (2060-1802 BCE) is the period from the end of the First Intermediate Period to the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period. The latter years of his reign were marked by inefficiency because of his advanced age. In: Bulletin de L'Institute Français D'Archéologie Orientale (BIFAO) 112. Turin Royal Canon 3. Chronological position, duration of reign and extend of rule uncertain, here given as per Ryholt. Oldest tomb at Umm el-Qa'ab had scorpion insignia, Potentially pronounced Serqet, but uncertain; possibly the same person as.
The king who combined Upper and Lower Egypt. The son and successor of Necho I, Psamtik I, managed to reunify Egypt and is generally regarded as the founder of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty. The Twenty-First Dynasty was based at Tanis and was a relatively weak group. South Saqqara Stone (discovered 1923, includes dyn.
The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. A proposed native Egyptian rebel leader. A number of dynasties of Libyan origin ruled, giving this period its alternative name of the Libyan Period.
They are based primarily on the conventional chronology of Ancient Egypt, mostly based on the Digital Egypt for Universities[3] database developed by the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, but alternative dates taken from other authorities may be indicated separately..mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}. The 11th dynasty originated from a dynasty of Theban nomarchs serving kings of the 8th, 9th or 10th dynasty. You cannot download interactives. The Seventeenth Dynasty was based in Upper Egypt and ruled from 1650 to 1550 BCE: The New Kingdom (1550-1077 BC) is the period covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt, from the 16th century BCE to the 11th century BCE, between the Second Intermediate Period, and the Third Intermediate Period. The Twentieth Dynasty ruled from 1190 to 1077 BC: The Third Intermediate Period (1077–664 BC) marked the end of the New Kingdom after the collapse of the Egyptian empire. The 16th Dynasty may also have comprised the reigns of pharaohs Sneferankhre Pepi III[86] and Nebmaatre. Co-reign with his father Osorkon III for the first five years of his reign. The word “pharaoh” means “Great House,” a reference to the palace where the pharaoh resides. Three of the best known pharaohs of the New Kingdom are Akhenaten, also known as Amenhotep IV, whose exclusive worship of the Aten is often interpreted as the first instance of monotheism, Tutankhamun known for the discovery of his nearly intact tomb, and Ramesses II who attempted to recover the territories in modern Israel/Palestine, Lebanon and Syria that had been held in the Eighteenth Dynasty. 1 year and 1 month c. 2184 BC: Neitiqerty Siptah: Identical with Netjerkare.
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Built the Sphinx of Giza. The Sixteenth Dynasty was a local native kingdom from Thebes who ruled Egypt for between 80 and 100 years, according to Kim Ryholt. J. Cerny, 'Egypt from the Death of Ramesses III to the End of the Twenty-First Dynasty' in The Middle East and the Aegean Region c.1380–1000 BC, Cambridge University Press. The Thirteenth Dynasty was much weaker than the Twelfth Dynasty, and was unable to hold onto the two lands of Egypt. Father of Teos. [2][102], Enigmatic kings, only attested in Lower Nubia, Twenty-Fifth Dynasty (Nubian/Kushite Period), Twenty-Seventh Dynasty (First Persian Period), Thirty-First Dynasty (Second Persian Period). record that has been cut, impressed, painted, or written on a hard surface. Sometime around 1650 BC the Hyksos, perhaps led by Salitis the founder of the Fifteenth Dynasty, conquered Memphis, thereby terminating the 13th dynasty. Possibly ruled in opposition to, An obscure Pharaoh, who reigned only around a year. The title "Pharaoh" is used for those rulers of Ancient Egypt who ruled after the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by Narmer during the Early Dynastic Period, approximately 3100 BC. Lower Egypt, known as the Black People, consisted of the northern Nile and the Nile Delta. Used to bury leaders and wealthy residents in ancient Egypt, Rome, and Greece, a sarcophagus is a coffin or a container to hold a coffin. Usermaatre-setpenre-meryamun Ramesses VII, Ended rule sharing power with High Priest of, Aakheperre Pasebakhenniut I (Psusennes I), Aakheperre Setepenre Osorkon (Osorkon the Elder), Netjerikheperre-setpenamun Siamun-meryamun, Titkheperure Pasebakhenniut II (Psusennes II), Previously thought to be a 22nd Dynasty pharaoh, he is now known to be the founder of the 23rd, Son of Takelot II- recovered Thebes, then proclaimed himself king. Infant son of Cleopatra VII; aged 3 when proclaimed co-ruler with Cleopatra.
Fribourg 2004. He most likely never existed. Joint rule with Cleopatra VI until 57 BCE. The successors of Intef the Elder, starting with Mentuhotep I, became independent from their northern overlords and eventually conquered Egypt under Mentuhotep II. Co-regent with his father Nectanebo I from about 365 BC. Many scholars believe the first pharaoh was Narmer, also called Menes. Referred to as Sobekhotep I in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep II in older studies, Perhaps a brother of Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep and son of, Referred to as Sobekhotep II in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep I in older studies, Possibly a son of Hor Awibre and brother of Khabaw, previously identified with.
Through military dominance abroad, the New Kingdom saw Egypt's greatest territorial extent. Died in unclear circumstances, possibly by fire in the palace or murder. [79][80][81] Four attested kings may be tentatively attributed to the Abydos Dynasty, and they are given here without regard for their (unknown) chronological order: The Sixteenth Dynasty was a native Theban dynasty emerging from the collapse of the Memphis-based 13th dynasty c. 1650 BC and finally conquered by the Hyksos 15th dynasty c. 1580 BC. ".
Egyptian armies fought with Hittite armies for control of modern-day Syria. The position of the following kings is uncertain: The Fourteenth Dynasty was a local group from the eastern Delta, based at Avaris,[77] that ruled from either from 1805 BC or c. 1710 BC until around 1650 BC. The Sixth Dynasty ruled from 2345 to 2181 BCE. National Geographic Headquarters Joint rule with Cleopatra VI until 57 BC. Attested by inscriptions in the tomb of his mother Ankhesenpepi, started the construction of a pyramid in, Attested by one to three decrees from the temple of, Attested by eight decrees from the temple of Min and an inscription in the tomb of.
One Egyptian king-list lists the Roman Emperors as Pharaohs up to and including Decius who died in 251 CE. The list below is based on the Abydos King List dating to the reign of Seti I and taken from Jürgen von Beckerath's Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen[50] as well as from Kim Ryholt's latest reconstruction of the Turin canon, another king list dating to the Ramesside Era. Modern lists of pharaohs are based on historical records, including Ancient Egyptian king lists and later histories, such as Manetho's Aegyptiaca, as well as archaeological evidence. Only attested in. He may be an ephemeral king, or a name variant of a king of the 12th or 13th Dynasty. The Fifth Dynasty ruled from 2498 to 2345 BC. Following the Kushite conquest, Egypt experienced another period of independent native rule before being conquered by the Achaemenid Empire, whose rulers also adopted the title of "Pharaoh".
The 16th dynasty held sway over Upper Egypt only. Forced to marry Ptolemy XI; murdered on his orders 19 days later, Young son of Ptolemy X Alexander; installed by, Wife of Ptolemy XII, mother of Berenice IV. Placed in this dynasty only for chronological reasons, as he was not related to the Achaemenids. Broke with the tradition of pyramid building and instead had the, Usurped the throne at the expense of Teti.
Senedjemibre Nakhthorhebyt (Nectanebo II), Egypt came under Persian rule for the second time, Upper Egypt returned to Persian control in 335 BCE, Feeble-minded half-brother of Alexander III the Great, Son of Alexander III the Great and Roxana, Ptolemy I Soter (Setepenre-meryamun Ptolemy), Ptolemy II Philadelphos (Weserkare-meryamun Ptolemy), Wife of Ptolemy V, co-regent with Ptolemy VI during his minority, Egypt under the control of Ptolemy VIII 164 BCE–163 BCE; Ptolemy VI restored 163 BCE. The Eleventh Dynasty was a local group with roots in Upper Egypt that ruled from 2134 to 1991 BC. Abydos King List of Ramesses II (19th Dynasty); carved on limestone. Hatshepsut, in particular, was a successful ruler, but many inscriptions and monuments about her were destroyed after her death—perhaps to stop future women from becoming pharaohs. However, the specific title "Pharaoh" was not used to address the kings of Egypt by their contemporaries until the rule of Merneptah in the 19th Dynasty, c. 1200 BC.
Since these kings precede the First Dynasty, they have been informally grouped as "Dynasty 0". The Hyksos made their first appearance during the reign of Sobekhotep IV, and around 1720 BC took control of the town of Avaris (the modern Tell el-Dab'a/Khata'na), conquering the kingdom of the 14th dynasty. The dynasty comprised many rulers with West Semitic names and is thus believed to have been Canaanite in origin. The texts of existing primary old lists of pharaohs are incomplete: Archibald Sayce gave comparative data on several of these lists in his book The Ancient Empires of the East (1884),[2] in addition to the lists found in Herodotus, Diodorus, Eratosthenes, and even a fanciful list found in "the Arabic writers". Founder of brief period of a solar-centered religion (, Co-regent and successor of Akhenaten. Their chronological position is uncertain.[83][84]. This dynasty eventually drove the Hyksos back into Asia under Seqenenre Tao, Kamose and finally Ahmose, first pharaoh of the New Kingdom. After 20 to 45 years, they were overthrown by a new line of pharaohs based in Herakleopolis Magna. The Middle Kingdom (2060-1802 BCE) is the period from the end of the First Intermediate Period to the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period. The latter years of his reign were marked by inefficiency because of his advanced age. In: Bulletin de L'Institute Français D'Archéologie Orientale (BIFAO) 112. Turin Royal Canon 3. Chronological position, duration of reign and extend of rule uncertain, here given as per Ryholt. Oldest tomb at Umm el-Qa'ab had scorpion insignia, Potentially pronounced Serqet, but uncertain; possibly the same person as.
The king who combined Upper and Lower Egypt. The son and successor of Necho I, Psamtik I, managed to reunify Egypt and is generally regarded as the founder of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty. The Twenty-First Dynasty was based at Tanis and was a relatively weak group. South Saqqara Stone (discovered 1923, includes dyn.
The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. A proposed native Egyptian rebel leader. A number of dynasties of Libyan origin ruled, giving this period its alternative name of the Libyan Period.
They are based primarily on the conventional chronology of Ancient Egypt, mostly based on the Digital Egypt for Universities[3] database developed by the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, but alternative dates taken from other authorities may be indicated separately..mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}. The 11th dynasty originated from a dynasty of Theban nomarchs serving kings of the 8th, 9th or 10th dynasty. You cannot download interactives. The Seventeenth Dynasty was based in Upper Egypt and ruled from 1650 to 1550 BCE: The New Kingdom (1550-1077 BC) is the period covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth dynasty of Egypt, from the 16th century BCE to the 11th century BCE, between the Second Intermediate Period, and the Third Intermediate Period. The Twentieth Dynasty ruled from 1190 to 1077 BC: The Third Intermediate Period (1077–664 BC) marked the end of the New Kingdom after the collapse of the Egyptian empire. The 16th Dynasty may also have comprised the reigns of pharaohs Sneferankhre Pepi III[86] and Nebmaatre. Co-reign with his father Osorkon III for the first five years of his reign. The word “pharaoh” means “Great House,” a reference to the palace where the pharaoh resides. Three of the best known pharaohs of the New Kingdom are Akhenaten, also known as Amenhotep IV, whose exclusive worship of the Aten is often interpreted as the first instance of monotheism, Tutankhamun known for the discovery of his nearly intact tomb, and Ramesses II who attempted to recover the territories in modern Israel/Palestine, Lebanon and Syria that had been held in the Eighteenth Dynasty. 1 year and 1 month c. 2184 BC: Neitiqerty Siptah: Identical with Netjerkare.
