At this juncture Cromwell prepared to pass his whole army across the Firth. Only with such troops would a general dare to place a deep river between the two halves of his army or to send away detachments beforehand to reap the fruits of victory, in certain anticipation of winning the victory with the remainder.
It was now engaged in prosecuting a war of aggression against the hereditary foe over the border strictly the task of a professional army with a national basis. In the north of England Harrison complained to Cromwell of the "badness" of his men, and the lord general sympathized, having "had much such stuff" sent him to make good the losses in trained men. On September 3, the anniversary of Dunbar, the programme was carried out exactly. 1649.
Lambert followed with reinforcements, and defeated a detachment of Leslie's army at the Battle of Inverkeithing on the July 20. Every suspected Royalist was closely watched, and the magazines of arms in the country-houses of the gentry were for the most part removed into the strong places.
Sir Edward Massey, formerly the Parliamentary governor of Gloucester, was now with Charles, and it was hoped that he would induce his fellow Presbyterians to take arms. Leslie followed him up, and wished to fight a battle at Dunbar on Sunday, the 1st of September. He dismissed all the faithful Cavaliers who had followed him to exile. Sir Edward Massey, formerly the Parliamentary governor of Gloucester, was now with Charles, and it was hoped that he would induce his fellow Presbyterians to take arms. Charles arrived at Worcester on August 22, and spent five days in resting the troops, preparing for further operations, and gathering and arming the few recruits who came in. Perth passed into his hands on August 2, and he brought back his army to Leith by August 5. Charles II expected complete success.
Thence he dispatched Lambert with a cavalry corps to harass the invaders. Leslie's horse followed him up sharply, and another action was fought, after which the Scots assaulted Musselburgh without success. Cromwell, the lord general, had during his march south thrown out successively two flying columns under Colonel Robert Lilburne to deal with the Lancashire Royalists under the earl of Derby. Early in February 1651, still in the midst of terrible weather, Cromwell made another resolute but futile attempt to reach Stirling. Then Cromwell on the left bank and Fleetwood on the right swept in a semicircle 4 miles long up to Worcester. It had cost the English army severe losses in sick, and much suffering in the autumn nights on the bleak hillsides. Even he for a moment lost touch with the spirit of the people. At this juncture Cromwell prepared to pass his whole army across the Firth. The sense of duty, which the raw militia possessed in so high a degree, ensured the arrival and the action of every column at the appointed time and place. "The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland and Ireland 1639-1660", Scarecrow Press, 2004, ISBN 0810851008. pp.9,10] ee also* English Civil War timeline* English Interregnum* English RestorationReferences*Further reading* [http://www.electricscotland.com/history/genhist/hist49.html General History of the Highlands 1650 - 1660] Footnotes, There is little of note in the closing operations.
The militia was indeed raw and untrained. Charles II escaped after many adventures, but he was one of the few men in his army who regained a place of safety. On 3 September, the anniversary of Dunbar, the programme was carried out exactly. Then Cromwell on the left bank and Fleetwood on the right swept in a semicircle 4 miles long up to Worcester. Every hedgerow was contested by the stubborn Royalists, but Fleetwood's men would not be denied, and Cromwell's extreme right on the eastern side of the town repelled, after three hours of hard fighting, the last desperate attempt of the Royalists to break out.The Battle of Worcester was indeed, as a German critic has pointed out, the prototype of Sedan.
Fleetwood followed Lambert. Shortly after leaving Warrington the young king had resolved to abandon the direct march on London and to make for the Severn valley, where his father had found the most constant and the most numerous adherents in the first war, and which had been the centre of gravity of the English Royalist movement of 1648. It seemed probable that a great battle would take place between Lichfield and Coventry on or just after August 25, and that Cromwell, Harrison, Lambert and Fleetwood would all take part in it.
At this juncture Cromwell prepared to pass his whole army across the Firth. Only with such troops would a general dare to place a deep river between the two halves of his army or to send away detachments beforehand to reap the fruits of victory, in certain anticipation of winning the victory with the remainder.
It was now engaged in prosecuting a war of aggression against the hereditary foe over the border strictly the task of a professional army with a national basis. In the north of England Harrison complained to Cromwell of the "badness" of his men, and the lord general sympathized, having "had much such stuff" sent him to make good the losses in trained men. On September 3, the anniversary of Dunbar, the programme was carried out exactly. 1649.
Lambert followed with reinforcements, and defeated a detachment of Leslie's army at the Battle of Inverkeithing on the July 20. Every suspected Royalist was closely watched, and the magazines of arms in the country-houses of the gentry were for the most part removed into the strong places.
Sir Edward Massey, formerly the Parliamentary governor of Gloucester, was now with Charles, and it was hoped that he would induce his fellow Presbyterians to take arms. Leslie followed him up, and wished to fight a battle at Dunbar on Sunday, the 1st of September. He dismissed all the faithful Cavaliers who had followed him to exile. Sir Edward Massey, formerly the Parliamentary governor of Gloucester, was now with Charles, and it was hoped that he would induce his fellow Presbyterians to take arms. Charles arrived at Worcester on August 22, and spent five days in resting the troops, preparing for further operations, and gathering and arming the few recruits who came in. Perth passed into his hands on August 2, and he brought back his army to Leith by August 5. Charles II expected complete success.
Thence he dispatched Lambert with a cavalry corps to harass the invaders. Leslie's horse followed him up sharply, and another action was fought, after which the Scots assaulted Musselburgh without success. Cromwell, the lord general, had during his march south thrown out successively two flying columns under Colonel Robert Lilburne to deal with the Lancashire Royalists under the earl of Derby. Early in February 1651, still in the midst of terrible weather, Cromwell made another resolute but futile attempt to reach Stirling. Then Cromwell on the left bank and Fleetwood on the right swept in a semicircle 4 miles long up to Worcester. It had cost the English army severe losses in sick, and much suffering in the autumn nights on the bleak hillsides. Even he for a moment lost touch with the spirit of the people. At this juncture Cromwell prepared to pass his whole army across the Firth. The sense of duty, which the raw militia possessed in so high a degree, ensured the arrival and the action of every column at the appointed time and place. "The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland and Ireland 1639-1660", Scarecrow Press, 2004, ISBN 0810851008. pp.9,10] ee also* English Civil War timeline* English Interregnum* English RestorationReferences*Further reading* [http://www.electricscotland.com/history/genhist/hist49.html General History of the Highlands 1650 - 1660] Footnotes, There is little of note in the closing operations.
The militia was indeed raw and untrained. Charles II escaped after many adventures, but he was one of the few men in his army who regained a place of safety. On 3 September, the anniversary of Dunbar, the programme was carried out exactly. Then Cromwell on the left bank and Fleetwood on the right swept in a semicircle 4 miles long up to Worcester. Every hedgerow was contested by the stubborn Royalists, but Fleetwood's men would not be denied, and Cromwell's extreme right on the eastern side of the town repelled, after three hours of hard fighting, the last desperate attempt of the Royalists to break out.The Battle of Worcester was indeed, as a German critic has pointed out, the prototype of Sedan.
Fleetwood followed Lambert. Shortly after leaving Warrington the young king had resolved to abandon the direct march on London and to make for the Severn valley, where his father had found the most constant and the most numerous adherents in the first war, and which had been the centre of gravity of the English Royalist movement of 1648. It seemed probable that a great battle would take place between Lichfield and Coventry on or just after August 25, and that Cromwell, Harrison, Lambert and Fleetwood would all take part in it.
At this juncture Cromwell prepared to pass his whole army across the Firth. Only with such troops would a general dare to place a deep river between the two halves of his army or to send away detachments beforehand to reap the fruits of victory, in certain anticipation of winning the victory with the remainder.
It was now engaged in prosecuting a war of aggression against the hereditary foe over the border strictly the task of a professional army with a national basis. In the north of England Harrison complained to Cromwell of the "badness" of his men, and the lord general sympathized, having "had much such stuff" sent him to make good the losses in trained men. On September 3, the anniversary of Dunbar, the programme was carried out exactly. 1649.
Lambert followed with reinforcements, and defeated a detachment of Leslie's army at the Battle of Inverkeithing on the July 20. Every suspected Royalist was closely watched, and the magazines of arms in the country-houses of the gentry were for the most part removed into the strong places.
Sir Edward Massey, formerly the Parliamentary governor of Gloucester, was now with Charles, and it was hoped that he would induce his fellow Presbyterians to take arms. Leslie followed him up, and wished to fight a battle at Dunbar on Sunday, the 1st of September. He dismissed all the faithful Cavaliers who had followed him to exile. Sir Edward Massey, formerly the Parliamentary governor of Gloucester, was now with Charles, and it was hoped that he would induce his fellow Presbyterians to take arms. Charles arrived at Worcester on August 22, and spent five days in resting the troops, preparing for further operations, and gathering and arming the few recruits who came in. Perth passed into his hands on August 2, and he brought back his army to Leith by August 5. Charles II expected complete success.
Thence he dispatched Lambert with a cavalry corps to harass the invaders. Leslie's horse followed him up sharply, and another action was fought, after which the Scots assaulted Musselburgh without success. Cromwell, the lord general, had during his march south thrown out successively two flying columns under Colonel Robert Lilburne to deal with the Lancashire Royalists under the earl of Derby. Early in February 1651, still in the midst of terrible weather, Cromwell made another resolute but futile attempt to reach Stirling. Then Cromwell on the left bank and Fleetwood on the right swept in a semicircle 4 miles long up to Worcester. It had cost the English army severe losses in sick, and much suffering in the autumn nights on the bleak hillsides. Even he for a moment lost touch with the spirit of the people. At this juncture Cromwell prepared to pass his whole army across the Firth. The sense of duty, which the raw militia possessed in so high a degree, ensured the arrival and the action of every column at the appointed time and place. "The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland and Ireland 1639-1660", Scarecrow Press, 2004, ISBN 0810851008. pp.9,10] ee also* English Civil War timeline* English Interregnum* English RestorationReferences*Further reading* [http://www.electricscotland.com/history/genhist/hist49.html General History of the Highlands 1650 - 1660] Footnotes, There is little of note in the closing operations.
The militia was indeed raw and untrained. Charles II escaped after many adventures, but he was one of the few men in his army who regained a place of safety. On 3 September, the anniversary of Dunbar, the programme was carried out exactly. Then Cromwell on the left bank and Fleetwood on the right swept in a semicircle 4 miles long up to Worcester. Every hedgerow was contested by the stubborn Royalists, but Fleetwood's men would not be denied, and Cromwell's extreme right on the eastern side of the town repelled, after three hours of hard fighting, the last desperate attempt of the Royalists to break out.The Battle of Worcester was indeed, as a German critic has pointed out, the prototype of Sedan.
Fleetwood followed Lambert. Shortly after leaving Warrington the young king had resolved to abandon the direct march on London and to make for the Severn valley, where his father had found the most constant and the most numerous adherents in the first war, and which had been the centre of gravity of the English Royalist movement of 1648. It seemed probable that a great battle would take place between Lichfield and Coventry on or just after August 25, and that Cromwell, Harrison, Lambert and Fleetwood would all take part in it.
The English Militia] InverkeithingWhile David Leslie organized and drilled the king's new army beyond the Forth, Cromwell was, slowly and with frequent relapses, recovering from his illness. Lieutenant-General Fleetwood began to draw together the midland contingents at Banbury, the London trained bands turned out for field service no fewer than 14,000 strong. At first Cromwell sought without success to bring Leslie to battle, but he stormed Callendar House near Falkirk on July 13, and on July 16, he began the execution of a brilliant and successful manoeuvre.
His recruits were unwilling drafts for foreign service, but in England the new levies were trusted to defend their homes, and the militia was soon triumphantly to justify its existence on the day of Worcester.Encyclopaedia Britannica Eleventh Edition article GREAT REBELLION 55.
The result was that the army was "purged" of 80 officers and 3000 soldiers as it lay within musket shot of the enemy. Even the country people brought in scores of prisoners, for officers and men alike, stunned by the suddenness of the disaster, offered no resistance. Before the sun was high in the heavens the Scottish army had ceased to exist.Encyclopaedia Britannica Eleventh Edition article GREAT REBELLION 53.
At this juncture Cromwell prepared to pass his whole army across the Firth. Only with such troops would a general dare to place a deep river between the two halves of his army or to send away detachments beforehand to reap the fruits of victory, in certain anticipation of winning the victory with the remainder.
It was now engaged in prosecuting a war of aggression against the hereditary foe over the border strictly the task of a professional army with a national basis. In the north of England Harrison complained to Cromwell of the "badness" of his men, and the lord general sympathized, having "had much such stuff" sent him to make good the losses in trained men. On September 3, the anniversary of Dunbar, the programme was carried out exactly. 1649.
Lambert followed with reinforcements, and defeated a detachment of Leslie's army at the Battle of Inverkeithing on the July 20. Every suspected Royalist was closely watched, and the magazines of arms in the country-houses of the gentry were for the most part removed into the strong places.
Sir Edward Massey, formerly the Parliamentary governor of Gloucester, was now with Charles, and it was hoped that he would induce his fellow Presbyterians to take arms. Leslie followed him up, and wished to fight a battle at Dunbar on Sunday, the 1st of September. He dismissed all the faithful Cavaliers who had followed him to exile. Sir Edward Massey, formerly the Parliamentary governor of Gloucester, was now with Charles, and it was hoped that he would induce his fellow Presbyterians to take arms. Charles arrived at Worcester on August 22, and spent five days in resting the troops, preparing for further operations, and gathering and arming the few recruits who came in. Perth passed into his hands on August 2, and he brought back his army to Leith by August 5. Charles II expected complete success.
Thence he dispatched Lambert with a cavalry corps to harass the invaders. Leslie's horse followed him up sharply, and another action was fought, after which the Scots assaulted Musselburgh without success. Cromwell, the lord general, had during his march south thrown out successively two flying columns under Colonel Robert Lilburne to deal with the Lancashire Royalists under the earl of Derby. Early in February 1651, still in the midst of terrible weather, Cromwell made another resolute but futile attempt to reach Stirling. Then Cromwell on the left bank and Fleetwood on the right swept in a semicircle 4 miles long up to Worcester. It had cost the English army severe losses in sick, and much suffering in the autumn nights on the bleak hillsides. Even he for a moment lost touch with the spirit of the people. At this juncture Cromwell prepared to pass his whole army across the Firth. The sense of duty, which the raw militia possessed in so high a degree, ensured the arrival and the action of every column at the appointed time and place. "The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland and Ireland 1639-1660", Scarecrow Press, 2004, ISBN 0810851008. pp.9,10] ee also* English Civil War timeline* English Interregnum* English RestorationReferences*Further reading* [http://www.electricscotland.com/history/genhist/hist49.html General History of the Highlands 1650 - 1660] Footnotes, There is little of note in the closing operations.
The militia was indeed raw and untrained. Charles II escaped after many adventures, but he was one of the few men in his army who regained a place of safety. On 3 September, the anniversary of Dunbar, the programme was carried out exactly. Then Cromwell on the left bank and Fleetwood on the right swept in a semicircle 4 miles long up to Worcester. Every hedgerow was contested by the stubborn Royalists, but Fleetwood's men would not be denied, and Cromwell's extreme right on the eastern side of the town repelled, after three hours of hard fighting, the last desperate attempt of the Royalists to break out.The Battle of Worcester was indeed, as a German critic has pointed out, the prototype of Sedan.
Fleetwood followed Lambert. Shortly after leaving Warrington the young king had resolved to abandon the direct march on London and to make for the Severn valley, where his father had found the most constant and the most numerous adherents in the first war, and which had been the centre of gravity of the English Royalist movement of 1648. It seemed probable that a great battle would take place between Lichfield and Coventry on or just after August 25, and that Cromwell, Harrison, Lambert and Fleetwood would all take part in it.
